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    Archives Find of the Month: WAAC, WAVE and SPAR

    November 2, 2012 by City Clerk's Office

    In the midst of World War II, Seattle’s Civil Service Commission struggled with how to classify women who were serving in the WAAC (Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps), WAVE (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service, otherwise known as the Navy Women’s Reserve), and SPAR (Coast Guard Women’s Reserve). All three reserve units were meant to free men to fight overseas by allowing women to fill their roles at home, but their noncombatant status led to a gray area as to how to categorize them.

    In 1940, the City passed Ordinance 69816, which granted leaves of absence to City employees who were in active military service. The Civil Service Commission was unsure whether this ordinance should apply to women serving in the reserve units, and wrote a memo to the Law Department in 1943 looking for guidance.

    Corporation Counsel A.C. Van Soelen went back to the federal laws authorizing the women’s units to determine their status. In the case of the WAAC, he cited parts of the act providing that “the Corps shall not be a part of the Army, but it shall be the only women’s organization authorized to serve with the Army, exclusive of the Army Nurse Corps” and that “the Corps shall be administered by the Secretary [of War] through the channels of command of the Army.”

    Van Soelen also noted that the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Civil Relief Act was amended to include the WAAC in its list of those in military service. As to WAVE and SPAR, he noted that the law established them as branches of the Navy and Coast Guard. Given this legal framework, Van Soelen found that members of these units “are in the ‘active military service’ of the United States and therefore within the provisions of Ordinance No. 69816, and you are so advised.” Based on this decision, the City’s female employees in military service were granted the same benefits as their male counterparts.

    See other Archives Finds of the Month here:

    http://seattle.gov/CityArchives/Exhibits/finds.htm

    For other interesting images and textual items, check out the Seattle Municipal Archives’ photostream on flickr:

    http://www.flickr.com/photos/seattlemunicipalarchives/

    Filed Under: Archives Tagged With: Archives

    Seattle Municipal Archives Feature: Bernie Whitebear, Native American Leader

    November 1, 2012 by City Clerk's Office

    For most of his life, activist and community leader Bernie Whitebear (1937-2000) of the Lakes Tribe (one of the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation) worked for social change and justice for the native people of Seattle and the Pacific Northwest. Whitebear made many contributions to improving rights for Native Americans in Seattle and, in these activities, had many interactions with City government on various projects.In 1970, Whitebear left a job at Boeing to join the first free healthcare clinic for Native Americans in Seattle, becoming the first executive director in 1971. Whitebear is perhaps most well known for his leadership in the occupation at Fort Lawton to reclaim land in Discovery Park for the Daybreak Star Center. In 1970, to help accomplish this land transfer and to unify native people in the region, he co-founded the United Indians of All Tribes Foundation (UIATF).Influenced by Indians of All Tribes and its occupation of Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay, the UIATF took action to occupy land at Fort Lawton. Jane Fonda participated in the occupation, bringing the protest to the world stage.


    Dept. of Parks and Recreation Facilities Maintenance and Devleiopment, Record Series 5804-05, Box 16 Folder 3. Seattle Municipal Archives

    Seattle Times, March 9, 1970.

     

     

     

     

    A manifesto by Whitebear on behalf of the UIATF to the City on March 24, 1970 stated “Since there is no place for Indians to assemble and carry on tribal ways and beliefs here in the white man’s city, we therefore, plan to develop: A Center for Native American Studies….,A great Indian University…..An Indian Center of Ecology…..An Indian School….An Indian Restaurant.”

    “We entered our land,” Whitebear told reporters. “We are the natural inhabitants. We cannot enter our land illegally.”

    After weeks of picketing and demonstrations at the local and federal level, negotiations resulted in a 99-year lease for an Indian cultural center on 16 acres (later expanded to 20 acres) in what would become Discovery Park. A ceremony on November 15, 1971 marked the agreement. In attendance were Senator Henry M. Jackson, Bernie Whitebear, Joyce Reyes of the American Indian Women’s League, and Mayor Wes Uhlman.

    Whitebear was selected CEO of the UIATF and successfully coordinate fundraising for the building that became Daybreak Star Cultural Center.

    Preliminary plans for Daybreak Star, Record series 5804-05 box 16 Folder 5.

     

     

     

     

     

    Among other community service, Whitebear was a member of the Seattle Arts Commission from 1976 to 1978 and the Seattle Downtown Housing Advisory Task Force from 1989 to 1991.

    City Council honored Whitebear with a Resolution in 2000, declaring July 17 “Bernie Whitebear Remembrance Day” for his tireless work on behalf of Native Americans. Among the many other recognitions he received in his lifetime were: an Eagle Spirit Award from the American Indian Film Institute, a Life Achievement Award from the Boeing Employees Event Staff, a Citizen of the Decade State of Washington Governor’s Award, a University of Washington Distinguished Alumnus Award, and a Distinguished Citizen Medal from the City of Seattle.In 2003 the Leschi Community Council received a Neighborhood Matching Fund grant to create a Dreamcatcher memorial to two American Indian leaders: Bernie Whitebear and Luana Reyes. Located at 32nd and Yesler Way, the artwork serves as an ongoing commemoration of Indian culture and as a focus for ongoing education. The Community Council worked with the Seattle Department of Transportation which owned the property; the artist, Lawney Reyes; and Arai/Jackson Architects and Planners to design the maintenance free and meaningful work of art to honor Reyes and Whitebear.

     

     
    Seattle Department of Neighborhoods, Record series 5756-03. Box 44 Folder 16.


    Related Topics:

    • Race and Social Justice Initiative (RSJI), Office of Human Rights
    • RSJI related blog articles
    • CityStream Splash Back: Bernie Whitebear, 3/26/2010
      The Daybreak Star Cultural Center in Discovery Park is a beautiful facility that’s part of United Indians of All Tribes Foundation. The facility is due to one man and his belief that Northwest Native Americans needed a place of their own. Feliks Banel has the story of Bernie Whitebear.
    • RSJI slide flickr gallery
    • Seattle Municipal Archives

    Filed Under: Archives Tagged With: Archives, RSJI

    National Disability Employment Awareness Month

    October 1, 2012 by City Clerk's Office

    Seattle City Councilmember Jeanette Williams

    Jeanette Williams championed rights for women, people of color and the disabled.  Although the Washington State Legislature passed laws in 1967 and in 1971 (RCW 70.92 and RCW 7092A) requiring public buildings and public accommodations be built with barrier-free design to accommodate the disabled, the regulations were rarely enforced.

    Stating that the disabled are “the forgotten people,” Williams succeeded in getting legislation passed requiring wheel chair ramps on all street improvement projects in 1972.

    Williams requested in February 1973 that access to City Hall be improved by reserving two parking spaces, making restrooms accessible, and installing a payphone within 40 inches above the floor as part of her effort to remove architectural barriers to the disabled from public buildings.  “Although the City has hired several handicapped people, there are still tremendous physical barriers to their employment,” she stated.

    In October 1973, Williams helped organize a morning for Councilmembers to spend in a wheel chair as part of “Employ the Handicapped Week,” known as Sensitivity Day ’73.  Councilmembers gained insight into barriers for the disabled:  John Miller couldn’t get around a table, Wayne Larkin couldn’t maneuver his wheelchair out of a crowded room, and backing into an elevator was problematic for Jeanette Williams.

    At Williams’ request in 1974, the Building Department agreed to support an ordinance amending the Building code to provide for barrier-free design.  Williams also sponsored amendments to the Seattle Fair Employment Practices Ordinance to include protections against discrimination against the disabled.  The following year, Williams spearheaded an effort to provide greater accessibility to polling places.

    Despite these efforts, Williams received letters of complaint.  In 1984 a landlord wrote in to say: “Now I see you have a new idea even crazier than those of the past, to wit, making us landlords put in ramps, remodel kitchens and doors and bathrooms for the benefit of ethereal tenants who may solidify sometime into actual rent-paying bodies.  Have you remodeled a bathroom lately? Destroyed a landscape with a ramp? If you people are so crazy about the handicapped why not spend your own money – don’t lay it on us landlords to do it.  I’m only waiting for you to name something else after the sainted M. L. King that will cost a bundle.”

    The ease with which the disabled can live and work in Seattle is due in large part to the work of Jeanette Williams.


     

    Additional Resources:

    • Office of Immigrant and Refugee Affairs
    • Race and Social Justice Initiative (RSJI), Office of Human Rights
    • RSJI related blog articles, Council Connection, Seattle City Council

    Filed Under: Archives Tagged With: Archives, RSJI

    Archives Find of the Month: A Request from the Anti-Japanese League, 1919

    September 4, 2012 by City Clerk's Office

    In a letter to City Councildated October 24, 1919, the Anti-Japanese League called for “radical steps” to curb the increase of the local Japanese population. They feared that “people now living will see the day when the Pacific Coast will be a Mongolian instead of a White Man’s Country.” The letter expresses concern about a supposedly high birthrate in the Japanese community, as well as the fact that Japanese residents were “rapidly acquiring retail grocery stores, Dye Works, and various other lines of business.” Of particular concern was the purchase of a dairy, which the writers felt was sure to lead to unsanitary milk being fed to children.

    Attached to the letter was suggested ordinance language for Council to consider. A sample ordinance item read, “That no space in any Market owned or controlled by the City of Seattle be granted to anyone except citizens of the United States, and where a corporation is seeking a site in the Public Market, that no site be granted to any corporation, unless all its stock is held by citizens of the United States.” The league recommended the same license requirements for hotels, rooming houses, secondhand dealers, restaurants, grocery stores, meat markets, bakeries, pool rooms, vaudeville and movie theatres, and transportation services. As the naturalization laws excluded Japanese immigrants from becoming citizens, these ordinances would inherently prevent them from obtaining these licenses.

    The League was starting their lobbying at the local level, as they believed that it would take a while for officials in Washington DC to “see the danger as clearly as the Pacific Coast people see it now.” Their ultimate goal was the passage of a national Japanese Exclusion Act, similar to the Chinese Exclusion Act that was already in place. The letter concluded, “It is up to you, Gentlemen, to take the first steps along the lines of self-preservation.”

    Notice of the League’s proposed bill was printed in the newspaper, which prompted a local minister, Rev. U.G. Murphy, to write his own letter to Council. In it he took issue with many of the League’s claims about the current Japanese population numbers and the community’s birthrate, saying the League’s numbers were “absolutely ridiculous.” However, his strongest language was saved for criticism of the proposed laws: “To deprive a man of the privilege of citizenship by Federal enactment and then punish him because he is not a citizen…is about the superlative degree of injustice. Such a measure has no hint of the American spirit about it.”

    Filed Under: Archives Tagged With: Archives

    Hispanic Heritage Month

    September 1, 2012 by City Clerk's Office

    Seattle Municipal Archives Feature

    Social justice activist Roberto Maestas (1938-2010) testified at many public hearings and Seattle City Council meetings. He lent his voice to the fight for the establishment of El Centro in 1972 and in support of many other organizations in the struggle for civil rights in Seattle.

    In 1973, Maestas spoke at a public hearing advocating for a day care and health clinic. His full comments can be read and heard here.

    A partial transcript follows:

    "My name is Roberto Maestas. I support the Minority Coalition for an Equitable Revenue Sharing System of course, but I can only speak specifically about our priorities inside that proposal. Our priorities are day care and health this time around. There’s a building on Beacon Hill that we hope to use for putting some badly needed services in there. We’re asking you to make the same kind of priority that we were forced to make in the coalition, that is, we had to leave some badly needed things out in favor of others. I understand that one of your dilemmas has to do with last year’s bills that were going unpaid or unprojected costs. It seems unfair to me that projected revenues should be used to pay old bills, unless I’m incorrect."

    El Centro poster depicting Roberto Maestas found on Flickr Commons.

    In May, 1974 Roberto Maestas wrote to City Council requesting additional Model Cities funding for El Centro.

    (Comptroller/Clerk File 279021)

    Glenn Young, board member of the Cascade Community Council, wrote in support of the request, stating that "the progress of El Centro has been amazing and very remarkable for an institution with such a short history." City Council and the Mayor approved the additional funding.

    Seattle City Council issued a proclamation in 2007 honoring the staff and volunteers at El Centro de la Raza. The proclamation read, in part:

    • El Centro de la Raza, grounded in the Latino community, seeks to build unity across all racial and economic sectors, to organize, empower, and defend the most vulnerable and marginalized populations and to bring justice, dignity, equality, and freedom to all peoples of the words,
    • The seeds for El Centro were planted on October 11, 1972 through a peaceful sit-in at Beacon Hill Elementary School lead by Roberto Maestas, who brought together black, white, Asian-Pacific Islander, Native American, and Latino people to protest cuts in anti-poverty and education programs at South Seattle Community College;
    • From the sit-in, El Centro de la Raza has evolved into a leading force for social justice and steadfast provider of crucial human services and cultural programming for all kinds of people in Seattle, while posing the question: "What Kind of world Will we Leave Our Children?"

    City Council passed a resolution honoring Roberto Maestas in 2010. The resolution gave an honorary designation of a portion of South Lander Street as "Roberto Maestas Festival Street." The Resolution read, in part:

    • Roberto Maestas founded El Centro de la Raza and was executive director of the organization for 37 years
    • El Centro de la Raza is a voice and a hub for the Latino community and provides an array of social, human, and educational services to people of all races and ethnicities
    • Roberto Maestas will be remembered as a tireless, visionary and courageous leader who lived his convictions
    • Roberto Maestas’ work has made Seattle a better place for all of us.

     


     

    Related Topics:

    • Related Collections in the Seattle Municipal Archives
      • Maestas can be heard at a public hearing in 1973 arguing for funding for Chicano health and day care services.
      • The Seattle Municipal Archives holds archival resources on the establishment of El Centro de la Raza. The decision to use Beacon Hill Elementary School for a community resource center for the Chicano/Latino community in the Seattle area can be found in the records of Mayor Uhlman, Record Series 5287-02, Box 30.
      • Documentation of the rehabilitation of Beacon Hill School to house El Centro de la Raza can be found in the records of the Model City program, Record Series 5421-06.
    • Videos
      • Seattle Channel interview with Maestas
      • Video collage of Roberto Maestas on Vimeo
    • Additional Resources
      • Roberto Maestas voice interviews and an article, Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project
      • Roberto Maestas article, History Link
      • In memorium, Seattle PI
      • Councilmember Jean Godden remembers Roberto Maestas, Crosscut
      • A history of El Centro de la Raza
    • Latino City Employees
    • Office of Immigrant and Refugee Affairs
    • Race and Social Justice Initiative (RSJI), Office of Human Rights
    • RSJI related blog articles, Council Connection, Seattle City Council

     

    Filed Under: Archives Tagged With: Archives, RSJI

    Archives Find of the Month: 1902 Elks Carnival

    August 10, 2012 by City Clerk's Office

    In August 1902, the Seattle Elks Lodge hosted a carnival and street fair in downtown Seattle. This was quite a big affair, extending over almost two weeks and a good portion of downtown. Ordinance 8369 granted the Elks permission to build temporary wooden structures “between Second Avenue and Fifth Avenue, Pike Street and University Street, on Third Avenue, on Union Street, on Fourth Avenue and upon the grounds known as the Federal Building Site and the Old University Grounds.”

    Planning efforts were elaborate; the committee doing the legwork even had their own letterhead. The committee tried to plan for every eventuality, including petitioning the city to have a fire engine with horses and men in a designated location on the grounds throughout the event. They even went so far as to get City Council to pass a resolution banning the carrying or use of feather dusters during the carnival, as they were deemed “annoying and dangerous.”

    Another resolution was introduced banning any competing “circus or like performance” during the period of the carnival, “except such circus or entertainments of like character as are permitted to exhibit under the auspices of the Elks carnival committee.” However, this legislative attempt at killing the competition was indefinitely postponed and apparently never passed.

    In late July, the Elks decided it would be a good idea to invite city officials to participate in the event and sent a letter to City Council asking them to be in a parade on August 19th, which was designated as Seattle Day. Apparently at least some accepted, as another clerk file dated August 18 informed them that five carriages would pick them up at City Hall the next day to assemble for the parade.

    The parade seemed to have been the City’s last official interaction with the carnival planners, save for one final document: in October, the Council passed a resolution requesting that the planning committee be asked to take down a bandstand which was erected for the fair and was still standing two months later.

    Filed Under: Archives Tagged With: Archives

    Archives Find of the Month: Nuisance Fireworks, 1932

    July 2, 2012 by City Clerk's Office

    Comptroller File 159643 contains a July 8, 1938, letter from Mrs. Ellie Barnhart of White Center complaining about fireworks being shot off near her home in White Center. She begins by declaring, “I am a tax payer…and I want protection.” The letter notes that she wrote with the same complaint the previous year, but that “nothing was done because the Police were not here just at the time of the shooting.” She states that this year fireworks began on May 1, “and will no doubt last till Christmas, if something is not done about it.”

    Also in the file is a petition on the same topic signed by Mrs. Barnhart and about 30 other White Center residents. The petition asks City Council “to afford us some abatement of the Fireworks nuisance, which is upsetting our nerves and making us ill…We have repeatedly called the Police Department, only to be told they can do nothing unless they can apprehend the culprit committing the act. By the time the Police Car can get from West Seattle the noise is over.” The petitioners felt the problem was worse that year due to the sale of both fireworks and liquor south of the city limits.

    The police department sent two officers to talk to Mrs. Barnhart on July 14, at which time she reported that no fireworks had been shot off in the past two days. The memo which documented this contact also reported that investigations showed most of the fireworks were being bought and exploded outside the city limits, which were two blocks south of Mrs. Barnhart’s house.

    Filed Under: Archives Tagged With: Archives

    Archives Find of the Month: Building the Space Needle

    June 1, 2012 by City Clerk's Office

    Seattle Municipal Archives image number 165653

    In 1960, officials from the Century 21 Exposition were in discussions with Seattle city officials over the construction of a 550-foot tower “to be used for restaurant purposes” on the grounds of the upcoming World’s Fair. Joseph Gandy, president of the Exposition, claimed that the proposed structure would be “of tremendous excitement, interest, and value” to the fair, and opined that it would become “one of the greatest tourist attractions in any metropolitan civic center area.” He said that the design of John Graham & Company had been chosen, and that “the engineering that has gone into this design has been very substantial.”

    Cheerleading for the project aside, there was much negotiation to be done about how to proceed with the project, and particularly its funding. Gandy pointed out that while title to the land belonged to the city, financing for its construction would need to come from private, not municipal, sources. Gandy suggested an agreement whereby the city would issue revenue bonds to finance the construction, which would then be purchased by private funders, and then would grant the funders a 20-year operating concession for the tower. He stressed that “time is precious if we are to see to it that this tower is actually constructed and in operation during the Exposition.”

    Asked for his response to the proposal, the city’s Superintendent of Buildings Fred McCoy expressed some reservations about “the desirability of authorizing a private company or corporation to construct such a facility,” and wanted to be sure any agreements were clear that the lessee “would assume all responsibility for construction, operation and maintenance.”

    However, McCoy’s main concern was what would happen if the lessee failed to make the project financially successful, obliging the city to take it over. He wanted to be certain the city would not become responsible for a “550-foot high white elephant” Space Needle.

    Filed Under: Archives Tagged With: Archives

    The History of Seattle’s Pride Parade

    May 31, 2012 by City Clerk's Office

    Seattle Municipal Archives Feature

    Seattle celebrated its first Gay Pride Week June 24-30, 1974, with a variety of activities at private and public venues around the city. Mayor Uhlman gave the event official endorsement in 1977, declaring June 25 to July 1 to be Gay Pride Week in the City of Seattle. Keith Luttenbacher, in his July 5, 1977 letter, was one of many who wrote thanking Mayor Uhlman for his support, “especially after the negative press due to Ms. [Anita] Bryant.” Local opponents of gay rights were incensed by the mayor’s proclamation, and reactions ranged from letter-writing campaigns to published threats of recall to picketing outside City Hall. Ultimately, Mayor Uhlman’s endorsement of Gay Pride Week gave added significance to the city’s first Gay Pride March, held in 1977.

    This year’s Seattle Pride Parade will be held in downtown Seattle on Sunday, June 24. The theme is “The Many Faces of Pride.”
     

    letterLetter from Keith Luttenbacher to Mayor Uhlman, July 5, 1977. Box 61 folder 8, Mayor Uhlman Subject Files, Records Series 4287-02, Seattle Municipal Archives.
    Pride Parade 1993 Pride Parade 1993 Pride Parade 1993
    Pride Parade Photographs, 1993. Box 3 Folder 9, Seattle Office of Human Rights Commission for Lesbians and Gays Subject Files, Record Series 8405-04, Seattle Municipal Archives
     
    Pride Parade 2002
    Gay Pride Parade, 2002
    Item 130661, Seattle Municipal Archives
    Pride Parade 2011
    Pride Parade, 2011
    Seattle City Council Flickr site

     
    Related Topics:

    • 2012 Pride Parade flickr slideshow
    • 2012 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Pride Month Proclamations:
      • Presidential Proclamation
      • City of Seattle’s Proclamation
    • Race and Social Justice Initiative (RSJI), Office of Human Rights
    • RSJI related blog articles, Council Connection, Seattle City Council
    • Related Collections in the Seattle Municipal Archives
      • Digital document library on Gay Rights in the 1970s’
      • Photographs of the 2002 and 2011 Gay Pride Parade
      • Mayor Wesley C Uhlman Subject Files, Record Series 5287-02
      • Jeanette Williams Subject Files, Record Series 4693-02
      • Mayor Charles T Royer Subject Correspondence, Record Series 5274-02 and Legal subject Files, Record Series 5274-03
      • Seattle Office for Women’s Rights Subject Files, Record Series 8401-01
      • Seattle Office for Women’s Rights Departmental Publications, Record Series 8401-05
    • Seattle Channel videos
      • Town Square: LGBT Equality at a Crossroads, 6/24/2011
      • Caregiving in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Families, 9/27/2007
      • Seattle Men’s Chorus: Home for the Holidays, 12/21/2007

    Filed Under: Archives Tagged With: Archives, RSJI

    Archives Find of the Month: Trouble at the Goo Goo Saloon

    May 1, 2012 by City Clerk's Office

    Clerk File 14547 contains the following report from Police Chief John Sullivan, dated April 24, 1902:

    “I beg leave to report to your honorable body that on the night of April 23rd, 1902, H.H. Wilkins Jr. and a party of friends entered the Goo Goo Saloon and Concert Hall, on the southwest corner of 2nd Ave. South and Main streets, in this city. He drank a glass of beer and in a few moments was taken sick. A waiter came rushing up, gave him a glass of seltzer sour, and told his friends to take him out. As soon as they reached the sidewalk with him he became unconscious. Dr. DeSoto, who happened to be in the vicinity, applied restoratives, and Wilkins was brought to the police station. Dr. Bories was then called to attend him, and, after an examination, said that Wilkins had been given a large dose of chloral, and had it not been for the prompt attention given him by Dr. DeSoto he undoubtedly would have died.

    James Sloan was picked up in the same place about two hours afterwards in a dazed condition, undoubtedly suffering from the effects of chloral, claiming that he had been robbed of fifteen dollars.

    This report is made to your honorable body in order that you may take such steps as you deem best in the premises.”

    The Seattle Times filled in more details about Sloan’s case, saying that a patrolman had noticed him inside the saloon in a “dazed condition” and left to call a patrol wagon to take Sloan to the police station. When he came back inside, Sloan was gone, and the bar’s occupants “professed not to know what had become of him.” About 15 minutes later, the patrolman found Sloan “in a box, where he evidently had been placed by some one.”

    The Times reported that at the ensuing trial against the proprietors of the Goo Goo, a former bartender testified that chloral poison was kept behind the bar to mix in the drinks of “customers who happened to exhibit any large sum of money on their person.” However, the defense attorney got the victim Wilkins to admit that he had drunk whiskey earlier in the night and wasn’t feeling well all evening. Despite the two doctors’ testimony that they believed Wilkins’ symptoms to be from poison, the judge ended up dismissing the case.

    Filed Under: Archives Tagged With: Archives

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